When the same product is sold in different countries, many economic and regulatory factors come into play. Consider software or electronic products produced in one country and sold globally. The prices charged in each country may vary much more than the costs of delivering the product to each country because of differences in purchasing power of consumers in different countries (a form of price discrimination). Government restrictions may also limit the prices that overseas companies can charge, as in the case of some life-saving medications.
On the other hand, dumping occurs when a foreign company sells a product in the United States at a price below the market price in the country where it is produced, and this lower price materially injures (or threatens to injure) an industry in the United States. If dumping is proven, an antidumping duty, equal to the price differential, can be imposed under United States tariff laws. The current prolonged global trade war has led to the United States announcing antidumping duties of up to 80% on Chinese-made stainless steel beer kegs and of 1,731% on Chinese-made mattresses, while China has set antidumping taxes of between 58% and 148% on alloy-steel seamless tubes and pipes made in the United States and the European Union.